It was an innovative military technique first used by the Germans in World War Two and was a tactic based on speed and surprise. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. At the basis of thisthere is not only the massive use of heavy armoured divisions or cooperation between them and airplanes, but the creation of disorder in the enemy's rear by means of parachute raids. [134] Hitler needed to avoid war until these projects were complete but his misjudgements in 1939 forced Germany into war before rearmament was complete. What was the Blitzkrieg? A. A German term describing racial unity B. A [12] Modern historians now understand blitzkrieg as the combination of the traditional German military principles, methods and doctrines of the 19th century with the military technology of the interwar period. [146] By manipulation and contrivance, Liddell Hart distorted the actual circumstances of the blitzkrieg formation, and he obscured its origins. After those initial German successes, the Allies adopted this form of warfare with great success, beginning with Stalingrad and subsequently used by commanders such as U.S. Gen. George Patton in the European operations of 1944. 24 in. In November 1937 Hitler had indicated that most of the armament projects would be completed by 194345. Weegy: Blitzkrieg was a swift intensive military attack, using tanks supported by aircraft, designed to defeat the opposition quickly. [88][i] There was no time for the French to send such reinforcement, for the Germans did not wait for siege artillery but reached the Meuse and achieved a breakthrough at the Battle of Sedan in three days. In the south, Allies land in southern France and take Rome. The Germans also dropped airborne assault troops from Junkers 52 transporters, a novel tactic in warfare. [38][39] The four editions of Field Service Regulations published after 1918 held that only combined-arms operations could create enough fire power to enable mobility on a battlefield. [130], Overy wrote that blitzkrieg as a "coherent military and economic concept has proven a difficult strategy to defend in light of the evidence". Student described it as ideas that "naturally emerged from the existing circumstances" as a response to operational challenges. Hitler's correspondence with his economists also reveals that his intent was to wage war in 19431945, when the resources of central Europe had been absorbed into Nazi Germany. Blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," is a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using highly mobile ground and air forces. WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. [152], Fuller and Liddell Hart were "outsiders": Liddell Hart was unable to serve as a soldier after 1916 after being gassed on the Somme and Fuller's abrasive personality resulted in his premature retirement in 1933. The Germans didnt invent anything new in the interwar period, but rather used new technologies like tanks and air and radio-controlled command to restore an old way of war that they still found to be valid, Bewegungskrieg. This proved critical in early tank battles where German tank commanders exploited the organizational advantage over the Allies that radio communication gave them. Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was victorious for more than two years by relying on this new military tactic of "Blitzkrieg." [2][5] During the Invasion of Poland, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armored warfare. = 45/20 Tank and vehicle production was a constant problem for Germany; indeed, late in the war many panzer "divisions" had no more than a few dozen tanks. Blitzkrieg means "lightning war". Similarly in the military journals, emphasis centred on 'strategic' bombing. Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. [82], During the war, the Condor Legion undertook the 1937 bombing of Guernica, which had a tremendous psychological effect on the populations of Europe. [34] Seeckt inspired a revision of Bewegungskrieg (maneuver warfare) thinking and its associated Auftragstaktik, in which the commander expressed his goals to subordinates and gave them discretion in how to achieve them; the governing principle was "the higher the authority, the more general the orders were", so it was the responsibility of the lower echelons to fill in the details. The surprise attack resulted in the near annihilation of the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS, Soviet Air Force) by simultaneous attacks on airfields,[95] allowing the Luftwaffe to achieve total air supremacy over all the battlefields within the first week. Blitzkrieg aka The German war machine was is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using. Those attacks combined with Maxime Weygand's Hedgehog tactic would become the major basis for responding to blitzkrieg attacks in the future: deployment in depth, permitting enemy or "shoulders" of a penetration was essential to channelling the enemy attack, and artillery, properly employed at the shoulders, could take a heavy toll of attackers. Blitzkrieg are an English heavy metal band formed in Leicester in 1980. [89], Panzer Group Kleist raced to the English Channel, reaching the coast at Abbeville, and cut off the BEF, the Belgian Army and some of the best-equipped divisions of the French Army in northern France. Later manifestations of blitzkrieg tactics were the combined air and ground attacks by Israeli forces on Syria and Egypt during the Six-Day War (June 1967) and the Israeli counterattacks and final counteroffensive of the Yom Kippur War (October 1973). C. It became wealthy and powerful. The centers served to field-test aircraft and armored vehicles up to the battalion level and housed aerial- and armoured-warfare schools, through which officers rotated. = 15 * 3/20 What was the Blitzkrieg? A. A method of war involving extensive - Weegy C. After five years of work A method of war using . However, the Soviet Union launched a counteroffensive in November 1942, trapping and destroying an entire German army at Stalingrad. [140], James Corum wrote that it was a myth that the Luftwaffe had a doctrine of terror bombing, in which civilians were attacked to break the will or aid the collapse of an enemy, by the Luftwaffe in Blitzkrieg operations. However, the Luftwaffe was a broadly based force with no constricting central doctrine, other than its resources should be used generally to support national strategy. In such formation of all arms, the tanks must play primary role, the other weapons being subordinated to the requirements of the armor. Delegation and the encouragement of initiative aided implementation, important decisions could be taken quickly and communicated verbally or with brief written orders. Germany's strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns. Directive control was a fast and flexible method of command. During the civil war southern leaders hoped that European countries would give their support. In the spring of 1940, the German army was semi-modern, in which a small number of well-equipped and "elite" divisions were offset by many second and third rate divisions". = 45/20 The main evidence of Liddell Hart's deceit and "tendentious" report of history can be found in his letters to Erich von Manstein, Heinz Guderian and the relatives and associates of Erwin Rommel. [92] That same French army collapsed after barely two months of fighting. (1937). In this way they depleted German combat power even as German forces advanced. In smaller countries or countries engaged in internal strife, according to Clausewitzs reasoning, the capital becomes the centre of gravity and should be identified as the Schwerpunkt. It switched from air superiority missions, to medium-range interdiction, to strategic strikes, to close support duties depending on the need of the ground forces. [63], Schwerpunktprinzip was a heuristic device (conceptual tool or thinking formula) used in the German army since the nineteenth century, to make decisions from tactics to strategy about priority. If the defender can hold the shoulders of the breach they will have the opportunity to counter-attack into the flank of the attacker, potentially cutting off the van as happened to Kampfgruppe Peiper in the Ardennes. [109], In 1995, David Glantz stated that for the first time, blitzkrieg was defeated in summer and the opposing Soviet forces were able to mount a successful counter-offensive. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the early 1900s, which leading European powers faced increased tensions because of nationalism? This style of warfare brought the maneuver back to the fore, and placed an emphasis on the offensive. Yellow opened with a feint conducted against the Netherlands and Belgium by two armored corps and paratroopers. Many Allied operations in the Western Desert and on the Eastern Front, relied on firepower to establish breakthroughs by fast-moving armored units. B. "Blitzkrieg," a German word meaning "Lightning War," was Germany's strategy to avoid a long war in the first phase of World War II in Europe. During the Battle of France in 1940, the 4th Armoured Division (Major-General Charles de Gaulle) and elements of the 1st Army Tank Brigade (British Expeditionary Force) made probing attacks on the German flank, pushing into the rear of the advancing armored columns at times. New France had a smaller population was true about the English and French colonies. This style, along with the shockingly rapid collapse in the armies that opposed it, came to be branded as blitzkrieg warfare.[14]. The manoeuvrability and technical capability of the next generation of bombers would be 'as unstoppable as the flight of a shell. = 15 * 3/20 [40], In the Sinai and Palestine campaign, operations involved some aspects of what would later be called blitzkrieg. Joseph McCarthy was the US lawmaker who made a name for himself in the 1950s accusing people of being communists. Mobile and available in significant quantity, artillery shattered as many units as any other branch of the Wehrmacht. "[87][pageneeded], The German invasion of France, with subsidiary attacks on Belgium and the Netherlands, consisted of two phases, Operation Yellow (Fall Gelb) and Operation Red (Fall Rot). The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to What US foreign policy idea was expressed in a military manner with involvement in the Korean War? With much of their own armor and heavy equipment lost in Northern France, they lacked the means to fight a mobile war. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. Between 1937 and 1939, 70 percent of investment capital went into the rubber, synthetic fuel, aircraft and shipbuilding industries. Some of the historians that have addressed the misconception of the originality and formalisation of blitzkrieg in their works are: Shimon Naveh (, These are some of the many notable historians that have casually used the term, Nothing appeared in Luftwaffe 'doctrine' stipulating "terror" as a major operational factor. beta sl hybrid exosphere [106], The Germans did not achieve surprise and were not able to outflank or break through into enemy rear-areas during the operation. 36 in. [37], The British Army took lessons from the successful infantry and artillery offensives on the Western Front in late 1918. what was the blitzkrieg weegy. B. The expenditure for this war was extensive and put the economy under severe strain. Once surrounded, the opposing army, demoralized and with no chance of escape, would face the choice of annihilation or surrender. In fact, it simply doesnt exist, at least not in the way we usually think it does. Weegy: The Virginia Company was founded because: It was expensive to launch a colony in the New World.User: What happened to the Virginia Company once Jamestown was settled? In the 1930s, Guderian summarized this as "Klotzen, nicht kleckern!" The Germans followed their initial success with Operation Red, a triple-pronged offensive. [53], After becoming Chancellor of Germany (head of government) in 1933, Adolf Hitler ignored the Versailles Treaty provisions. User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. D. 18 in. The German army was trained to support the Schwerpunkt, even when risks had to be taken elsewhere to support the point of main effort as well as attacking with overwhelming firepower. The author vaguely suggests that a massive strategic air attack might hold out better prospects but the topic is not explored in detail. [41], Norman Stone detects early blitzkrieg operations in offensives by the French generals Charles Mangin and Marie-Eugne Debeney in 1918. = 15 ? Answer (1 of 5): Which Pravda are you referring to? Weegy: A basic position in American foreign policy has been that America must defend its foreign interests related to Weegy: 15 ? By imposing, retrospectively, his own perceptions of mobile warfare upon the shallow concept of blitzkrieg, he "created a theoretical imbroglio that has taken 40 years to unravel. [148][146], The early 1950s literature transformed blitzkrieg into a historical military doctrine, which carried the signature of Liddell Hart and Guderian. It was flexible and it was able to carry out both operational-tactical, and strategic bombing. It is variously argued that Fuller's wartime plans and post-war writings were an inspiration or that his readership was low and German experiences during the war received more attention. The German generals dispersed Panzer forces among the three German concentrations with little emphasis on independent use; they deployed tanks to create or destroy close pockets of Polish forces and to seize operational-depth terrain in support of the largely un-motorized infantry which followed. A German term describing racial unity B. [91] The French and British frequently used their tanks in the dispersed role of infantry support rather than concentrating force at the point of attack, to create overwhelming firepower. Considering the Blitzkrieg relied on speed, what did the - Quora Weegy: It went bankrupt happened to the Virginia Company once Jamestown was settled. Although production of Luftwaffe fighter aircraft continued, they would be unable to fly for lack of fuel. What were the border states important to the north during the Civil War? [68][g], Close air support was provided in the form of the dive bomber and medium bomber. Hitler strongly supported this new strategy. [102] The Battle of Kursk ended with two Soviet counter-offensives and the revival of deep operations. = 15 ? He continued, "We believe that by attacking with tanks we can achieve a higher rate of movement than has been hitherto obtainable, andwhat is perhaps even more importantthat we can keep moving once a breakthrough has been made. See how German troops parachuted behind the Maginot Line as part of the blitzkrieg against Allied forces. Weegy: Blitzkrieg was a swift intensive military attack, using tanks supported by aircraft, designed to defeat the opposition quickly.User: What was the Blitzkrieg? The Kesselschlacht 'cauldron battle' was a concentric attack on such pockets. "If the tanks succeed, then victory follows", he wrote. [15][16] Blitzkrieg as used by Germany had considerable psychological, or "terror" elements,[c] such as the Jericho Trompete, a noise-making siren on the Junkers Ju 87 dive-bomber, to affect the morale of enemy forces. D. A method of war using motorized vehicles and aggressive movement. Answer (1 of 24): What post-war historians deemed Blitzkrieg was based on a concept known as schwerpunkt, meaning center of gravity or focal point. -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. Weegy: A basic position in American foreign policy has been that America must defend its foreign interests related to Weegy: 15 ? He developed Plan 1919 for massive, independent tank operations, which he claimed were subsequently studied by the German military. User: The was the systematic imprisonment and murder of Jewish people, in nazi-controlled territory during world war two. User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Under these conditions it was difficult for German commanders to employ the "armored idea", if at all. The concept of a blitzkrieg Luftwaffe was challenged by Richard Overy in the late 1970s and by Williamson Murray in the mid-1980s. During the First World War the German army used 1.4 million horses for transport and in the Second World War used 2.7 million horses; only ten percent of the army was motorized in 1940. mobile homes for rent in rigby idaho. [74] The Allies flew 434 French and 160 British sorties a day but methods of attacking ground targets had yet to be developed; therefore Allied aircraft caused negligible damage. Later, Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky (1893-1937), Georgii Isserson[ru] (1898-1976) and other members of the Red Army developed a concept of deep battle from the experience of the PolishSoviet War of 19191920. Once war had begun, Hitler urged his economic experts to abandon caution and expend all available resources on the war effort but the expansion plans only gradually gained momentum in 1941. [98] In late July, after 2nd Panzer Group (commanded by Guderian) captured the watersheds of the Dvina and Dnieper rivers near Smolensk, the panzers had to defend the encirclement, because the marching infantry divisions remained hundreds of kilometers to the west. What makes this story worth telling is the development of one idea: the blitzkrieg. [3] The term was first used in the publications of Ferdinand Otto Miksche, first in the magazine "Army Quarterly"[e], and in his 1941 book, Blitzkrieg where he defined the concept. what was the blitzkrieg weegy - seth-yang.com Score 1 User: What was the Blitzkrieg? The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to what was an advantage the south had over the north in the civil war. On D-Day the Allies flew 14,500 sorties over the battlefield area alone, not including sorties flown over north-western Europe. Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, involved a number of breakthroughs and encirclements by motorized forces. [32] By the time of the Second World War, their reports had led to doctrinal and training publications, including H. Dv. The term blitzkrieg is used with reference to German efforts to win a quick victory in the First World War but is not associated with the use of armored, mechanized or air forces. [122], Historian Victor Davis Hanson states that Blitzkrieg "played on the myth of German technological superiority and industrial dominance," adding that German successes, particularly that of its Panzer divisions were "instead predicated on the poor preparation and morale of Germany's enemies. He read Guderian's 1937 book Achtung Panzer! Fighter-bomber attacks on German formations made movement during daylight almost impossible. [14], The traditional meaning of blitzkrieg is that of German tactical and operational methodology in the first half of the Second World War, that is often hailed as a new method of warfare. German legal scholars of the 1930s carefully worked out guidelines for what type of bombing was permissible under international law. Weegy: Blitzkrieg was a swift intensive military attack, using tanks supported by aircraft, designed to defeat the opposition quickly. A method of war using motorized vehicles and aggressive movement C. A German term for "peace with honor" D. A method of war involving extensive fortifications and focusing on defense. ('There is nothing about the matter in my file of correspondence with Guderian himself exceptthat I thanked himfor what he said in that additional paragraph'.)". [136], Living standards were not high in the late 1930s. Like von Seeckt, de Gaulle concluded that France could no longer maintain the huge armies of conscripts and reservists which had fought World War I, and he sought to use tanks, mechanized forces and aircraft to allow a smaller number of highly trained soldiers to have greater impact in battle. [125] For all intents and purposes, Blitzkrieg ended at the Eastern Front once the German forces gave up Stalingrad, after they faced hundreds of new T-34 tanks, when the Luftwaffe became unable to assure air dominance, and following the stalemate at Kurskto this end, Hanson concludes that German military success was not accompanied by the adequate provisioning of its troops with food and materiel far from the source of supply, which contributed to its ultimate failures. In recent years historians have uncovered that Liddell Hart distorted and falsified facts to make it appear as if his ideas were adopted. [33] Studies of operations in the east led to the conclusion that small and coordinated forces possessed more combat power than large, uncoordinated forces. In his 1950 book, Panzer Leader, he wrote: In this year, 1929, I became convinced that tanks working on their own or in conjunction with infantry could never achieve decisive importance. This was in shocking contrast to the four years of trench warfare which French forces had engaged in during the First World War. During the Battle of France, the French made attempts to reform defensive lines along rivers but were frustrated when German forces arrived first and pressed on. "[124] Further, successful Blitzkrieg operations were predicated on superior numbers, air-support, and were only possible for short periods of time without sufficient supply lines. Blitzkrieg (/bltskri/ BLITS-kreeg, German: [bltskik] (listen); from Blitz 'lightning' + Krieg 'war') is a word used to describe a surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations, together with close air support, that has the intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, then dislocate the defenders, unbalance the enemy by making it difficult to respond to the continuously changing front, and defeat them in a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht: a battle of annihilation. [114], Frieser wrote that after the failure of the Schlieffen Plan in 1914, the German army concluded that decisive battles were no longer possible in the changed conditions of the twentieth century. [citation needed] The Allied air forces had no close air support aircraft, training or doctrine. Specialist light infantry (Stosstruppen, "storm troops") were to exploit weak spots to make gaps for larger infantry units to advance with heavier weapons and exploit the success, leaving isolated strong points to troops following up. = 2 1/4. Liddell Hart, in letters to Guderian, "imposed his own fabricated version of blitzkrieg on the latter and compelled him to proclaim it as original formula". During the Battle of Moscow (October 1941 to January 1942), the Red Army defeated the German Army Group Center and for the first time in the war seized the strategic initiative. Blitzkrieg is vulnerable to an enemy that is robust enough to weather the shock of the attack and that does not panic at the idea of enemy formations in its rear area. A. C. 80 square inches A frontal attack would immobilize the enemy while forces on the flanks would execute a double envelopment, forming a pocket called a Kessel (cauldron) around the enemy. unit 6 world war 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Blitzkrieg - Wikipedia 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. Allied forces deployed to the flanks of the German penetration and as soon as the skies cleared, Allied aircraft returned to the battlefield. User: why was the north Atlantic treaty organization formed in 1949. Flexibility was the Luftwaffe's strength in 19391941. After the war Liddell Hart imposed his own perceptions, after the event, claiming that the mobile tank warfare practiced by the Wehrmacht was a result of his influence. In Operation Dynamo some 330,000 French and British troops escaped.[90]. [107] Several historians assert that Operation Citadel was planned and intended to be a blitzkrieg operation. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) | Holocaust Encyclopedia = 2 5/20 Where the ability for rapid movement across "tank country" was not possible, armored penetrations often were avoided or resulted in failure. [85], John Ellis wrote that "there is considerable justice in Matthew Cooper's assertion that the panzer divisions were not given the kind of strategic mission that was to characterize authentic armored blitzkrieg, and were almost always closely subordinated to the various mass infantry armies". His book offers scant clues as to how German lightning victories might be won. [139] In 2003, John Mosier wrote that while the French soldiers in 1940 were better trained than German soldiers, as were the Americans later and that the German army was the least mechanized of the major armies, its leadership cadres were larger and better and that the high standard of leadership was the main reason for the successes of the German army in World War II, as it had been in World War I. The United States made up for the lack of manpower on the home front during World War II by employing women. The method of "terror", was denied to German aerial operations (and strategic bombing methods) by the Luftwaffe field manual, As far as the Ju 87 is concerned, it is thought the sirens were suggested to the Junkers company by, Now came the riposte - a counter-attack [] from the forest of Villers-Cotterets []. History Facts: Nazi Germany Created "Blitzkrieg" By Accident They coincidentally allotted exactly the same number of infantry divisions to the right wing's attack on the Low Countries. It was later applied to the bombing of Britain, particularly London, hence "The Blitz". Rationing was a way Americans on the home front sacrificed to aid the war effort in World War II. 576 square inches Blitzkrieg is most commonly associated with Nazi Germany during World War II even though numerous combatants used its techniques in that war. They seized strategic points in eastern Belgium and landed deep within Holland. [50], In 1916 General Alexei Brusilov had used surprise and infiltration tactics during the Brusilov Offensive. Modern Bewegungskrieg: German Battle Doctrine, 19201940 (2001), Vardi, Gil-Li. A second German offensive against the Soviet Union in 1942 brought German forces in the east to the shores of the Volga River and the city of Stalingrad. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? In 193940, 45 percent of the army was 40 years old and 50 percent of the soldiers had only a few weeks' training. The current line-up consists of Brian Ross (vocals), Alan Ross (guitar), Liam Ferguson (bass), Matt Graham (drums), and Nick Jennison (guitar). But what is Blitzkrieg and is it anything that. Log in for more information. It would be wrong to include tanks in infantry divisions; what was needed were armored divisions which would include all the supporting arms needed to allow the tanks to fight with full effect. WW2 - German ''Blitzkrieg'' Footage - YouTube = 2 1/4. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? Blitzkrieg 3 is a WW2 RTS made for true admirers of strategic mastery! [8] According to David Reynolds, "Hitler himself called the term Blitzkrieg 'A completely idiotic word' (ein ganz bldsinniges Wort)". This one is wrong Europe on the Eve of War, Rising nationalism led to conflict over Alsace-Lorraine between France and Europe on the Eve of War, A(n) ___ is when one country increases its army because others did. Omissions? In hindsightand with some help from Liddell Hartthis torrent of action was squeezed into something it never was: an operational design.
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