Hargrove continued to play there, just as he never stopped being a late-night fixture at Smalls. For bookings and other information, please contact: estate@royhargroveofficial.com. But as the years passed, Hargrove found himself less dedicated to Marsaliss fastidious avoidance of pop/jazz crossovers and by the turn of the millennium, he was often working with such creative neo-soul vocal stars as DAngelo and Erykah Badu, and helping to spur new fusions of jazz, soul, hip-hop and R&B that would bring eager younger listeners to jazz. Interested? Its very needed. Find articles, news, musician pages, and more! His big band captured an innovative freedom, a hard bop swing that reminded you of the Billy Eckstein and Jimmy Lunceford big bands. On June 8 at Sony Hall (235 West 46th St.) the rapper and record producer RAKIM performs with special guest saxophonist Ravi Coltrane. For more information, visit nationalsawdust.org. 1995 Roy Hargrove Big Band inaugural concert at Washington Square Park The song, Roy Allan, written by Roy for his dad is also one of the first Shared by Aida B. In a written statement released via Hargrove's Instagram page, the Grammy-nominated musician's wife. Survivors include his Hargrove's wife, the singer Aida Brandes; his daughter, Kamala Hargrove; his mother, Jacklyn Hargrove; and his brother, Brian Hargrove. Hargrove demonstrated a Marsalis-like mission to spread the jazz message. hide caption. Singer Almut "Aida" Brandes-Hargrove writes, arranges and produces music. At the Jazz Cafe in London in 2003, when Hargrove introduced his new RH Factor band, and featured soul vocals and hip-hop grooves alongside the jazz swing that had so long preoccupied him, his ensemble sound seemed to bridge that of a DAngelo R&B outfit, a 60s soul-bop group, and one of Miles Daviss late-career electric ensembles; but in the same year, he reminded fans of his deep roots when he shared a Grammy award for best jazz instrumental with Herbie Hancock and Michael Brecker for their work on the album Directions In Music. On June 11 NEA Jazz Master pianist, composer, arranger Herbie Hancock appears at SummerStage featuring trumpeter Keyon Harrold as the opening act. [46] Discography [ edit] As leader/co-leader [ edit] Roy Hargrove, a Grammy-winning jazz trumpeter who shifted from one style of music to another, exploring Cuban and electronic music, R&B and hip-hop while performing with artists as diverse as. Three years later, Hargrove and Fitzgerald partnered with Lezlie Harrison to convert it into a nonprofit performance space, The Jazz Gallery. I look for it everyday! New York, February 10, 2022 Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, founded by the late jazz trumpeter's wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove, and daughter, Kamala, is pleased to announce that it is re-launching the Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roy's legacy and the big band sound that he loved. On June 15 George Clinton & Parliament Funkadelic w/The Motet + Turkuaz Horn Section, Dopapod, Pimps of Joytime, Blu Eye Extintion will funk-up Summerstage. Ms. Brandes-Hargrove is the bands Executive Director, and Mr. Bruce Williams, lead alto and big band member from 1997 until Mr. Hargroves death in 2018, is Music Director. The Roy Hargrove Big Band was originally started in the rehearsal space that would later become The Jazz Gallery. Since then, the band has toured domestically and internationally and has played everywhere from the Blue Note Tokyo to the Hollywood Bowl. Roy Hargrove was 49. Her Big Band arrangements have been featured by Slide Hampton, the Roy Hargrove BigBand and the Astoria Big Band. Excuse me, but a lot of times, especially now, when I got to the jam sessions, people are so ego! Please contact the developer of this form processor to improve this message. Garrett performs at the Blue Note jazz club until June 5 with two sets each night at 8 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. At 49 years old, Roy Hargrove height not available right now. Aida Brandes-Hargrove Kamala Hargrove June 15, 2022 Hargrove attended the Berklee College of Music on scholarship for 18 months, before transferring to the New School in New York. Roy Hargrove performing in Karlsruhe, Germany, last year. Weitere Informationen ber die Verwendung Ihrer personenbezogenen Daten finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklrung und unserer Cookie-Richtlinie. Discover Roy Hargrove's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. No hooligans over there. Robb W. PatrykHughes Hubbard & Reed LLProbb.patryk(at)hugheshubbard.com, Photo by Hank ONeal. Our weekly newsletter highlights our top stories and includes a local jazz events calendar. Its never a dull moment around those guys. Learn How rich is He in this year and how He spends money? The film debuted on June 12 at the 2022 Tribeca Film Festival. Required fields are marked *. Yes, there arent that many. In 1997 he formed the 11-piece band Crisol for a contemporary take on Afro-Cuban music, and won a Grammy award for best Latin jazz album with Habana the following year. Hargrove had been scheduled to perform on Saturday, Nov. 3, in a jazz vespers service at Bethany Baptist Church in Newark, N.J., as part of the TD James Moody Jazz Festival. It gives me updates and information. Tell us why you would like to improve the Aida Brandes-Hargrove musician page. We have estimated Hargrove was also quick to earn the coveted approval of his elders not only alto saxophonist Bobby Watson, who provided some of his first experience in a recording studio, but also tenor saxophone titan Sonny Rollins, who featured him on a tune called "Young Roy" in 1991 (and also at his 80th birthday concert in 2010). 2023 The oldest Black newspaper in the country that offers the "New Black View" within local, national and international news for the Black community.. Roy Hargrove, Aruan Ortiz, Uhadi South Africa, Hargrove tribute, Ginnys, Lovano Appel Room, Taylor Made, Jazz Notes: Brown Butterfly, Roy Hargrove Musical Celebration, Black Vietnam vet finally awarded Medal of Honor for bravery, Chris Rock to finally have his say in new stand-up special, Video shows Memphis jailers beating Black inmate who died, Racial gap in city jails has only gotten worse, John Jay study finds, US Tennis sees rise in Hispanic, Black, Asian players, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Ticket information: ci.ovationtix.com/36369/production/1104990. New York, February 10, 2022 Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, founded by the late jazz trumpeters wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove, and daughter, Kamala, is pleased to announce that it is re-launching the Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roys legacy and the big band sound that he loved. as a breeding ground and also a kind of communal space for a lot of young musicians from many different communities. Roy Anthony Hargrove, jazz trumpeter, born 16 October 1969; died 2 November 2018, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Brandes-Hargrove and Kamala wrote in the statement that despite their displeasure with the film, it has some redeeming qualities. He grew up in Dallas, where he attended Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts, an arts magnet that also produced Erykah Badu and Norah Jones. He toured worldwide throughout his 30-year career with the Roy Hargrove Quintet, the Roy Hargrove Big Band, Roy Hargroves Crisol, and his soul/jazz group, the RH Factor, until his death in 2018 at age 49. Roy Anthony Hargrove was born on Oct. 16, 1969, in Waco, Texas, to Roy Allan and Jacklyn Hargrove. Hargrove is survived by his wife, singer Aida Brandes, daughter Kamala Hargrove, his mother Jacklyn Hargove, and a brother, Brian Hargrove. Ms. Brandes-Hargrove is the bands Executive Director, and Mr. Bruce Williams, lead alto and big band member from 1997 until Mr. Hargroves death in 2018, is Music Director. Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, the company founded by his wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove and daughter, Kamala, has re-launched The Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roy's legacy and the big band sound that he loved. PHOTO: Jalylah Burrell All About Jazz musician pages are maintained by musicians, publicists and trusted members like you. "Hargrove," directed by Elaine Henri, premiered at the 2022 Tribeca Film Festival on June 12. Website: https://royhargroveofficial.com/rhbb. She draws from a diverse pool of music with its main roots in jazz, hip hop and rnb. Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Agreement. Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, the company founded by his wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove and daughter, Kamala, has re-launched The Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roys legacy and the big band sound that he loved. His mature grasp of the jazz tradition and the achievements of his elders was apparent on the album Family (1995, which included a graceful trumpet duet with Marsalis). Declining health and a prolonged struggle with drugs later distracted Hargrove. All rights reserved. Ms. Brandes-Hargrove is the band's Executive Director, and Mr. Bruce Williams, lead alto and big band member from 1997 until Mr . On June 17 the native of the Crescent City Chief Adjuah (formerly Christian Scott) returns to New York with new music, a new title and more innovative impressions that only he can put together. Gifted American trumpeter and flugelhornist who made it his mission to spread the jazz message. Her Big Band arrangements have been featured by the Roy Hargrove BigBand, Slide Hampton and the Astoria Big Band. With Earfood in 2008, his vibrant band of young recruits shrewdly captured the 60s soul-jazz atmosphere unleashed by stars such as Lee Morgan and Horace Silver. Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, the company founded by his wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove and daughter, Kamala, has re-launched The Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roy's legacy and the big band sound that . Hargrove primarily played in the hard bop style for the majority of his albums, especially performing jazz standards on his 1990s albums. Hargrove died at age 49 Friday in New York. Baritone saxophonist and also long-time big band member Jason Marshall serves as assistant music director. A quiet and retiring person in life, Hargrove struggled with kidney failure. Your email address will not be published. "Kamala and I are excited about our new company," stated Brandes-Hargrove, the estate . Sometimes you can just play half a chorus. I am extremely grateful I got to tell him as a grown man to his face.". We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 16 October. He toured worldwide throughout his 30-year career with the Roy Hargrove Quintet, the Roy Hargrove Big Band, Roy Hargroves Crisol, the Jazz Networks and his funk/jazz outfit, the RH Factor, until his death in 2018 at age 49. In a written statement released via Hargrove's Instagram page, the Grammy-nominated musician's wife and daughter Aida Brandes-Hargrove and Kamala Hargrove expressed their. No, I didnt learn that early on. . In a written statement released via Hargroves Instagram page, the Grammy-nominated musicians wife and daughter Aida Brandes-Hargrove and Kamala Hargrove expressed their displeasure with the final version of the film. Hargrove was a two-time Grammy winner, in two illustrative categories: best jazz instrumental album in 2003 for Directions in Music, featuring a post-bop supergroup with pianist Herbie Hancock and saxophonist Michael Brecker; and best Latin jazz performance in 1998 for Habana, a groundbreaking Afro-Cuban project recorded in Havana. Im still trying to learn that! Big bands, large ensembles create an environment where you dont have to play for two hours and stretch out. Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, the company founded by his wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove and daughter, Kamala, has re-launched The Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roys legacy and the big band sound that he loved. ", - Dennis Walcott, former New York City Department of Education Chancellor and former President and CEO of the New York Urban League, The trumpeter, composer and arranger Roy Hargrove was always looking to explore all aspects of this music called jazz. He was a composer and actor, known for It Runs in the Family (2003), My Brother (2006) and Assata aka Joanne Chesimard (2008). "name" : "Aida Brandes-Hargrove", Hargrove launched a sequence of albums for RCA/Novus with Diamond in the Rough in 1989, and he toured with the Jazz Futures package of rising stars the following year. She draws from a diverse pool of music with its main roots in jazz, hip hop and rnb. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. All music played by Hargrove in the film was written by other composers. The director was not permitted to capture footage of Hargrove and his band performing during the tour. The Big Band had its debut performance at the Greenwich Village Jazz Festival in 1995. He died of cardiac arrest brought on by kidney disease on November 2, 2018 at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Roy Hargrove, an incisive trumpeter who embodied the brightest promise of his jazz generation, both as a young steward of the bebop tradition and a savvy bridge to hip-hop and R&B, died on Friday night in New York City. Saxophonist Keir Neuringers prodigious avant garde technique is matched by an urgency in his tone and fierce socio-political determination. Lezlie Harrison, accompanied by a soulful organ trio, took on "I Wish I Knew." And at one point, Jon Batiste, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert bandleader, sat in at the piano. Between 1999 and 2002, Hargrove explored a loose but transformative association with the soul and hip-hop-influenced collective Soulquarians in which his trumpet supplied a quiet improvisational commentary on the staccato grooves and soaring vocals around him, notably on such landmark recordings as DAngelos Voodoo (2000) and Badus Mamas Gun (2000). Sometimes, you have to make the amount of music that is just enough. Roy conducted the big band while also playing trumpet and flugelhorn and lending his vocal, most famously, on the fan favorite "September in the Rain". Though it moved to a new location in 2013, The Jazz Gallery continues to be an integral hub for the music. Her original songs and productions have been finalists and winners in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest, as well as the Great American Song Contest. Mr. Jason Marshall, baritone saxophonist and also long-time member of the big band, serves as Assistant Music Director. She also pays piano. WELCOME TO THE FAMILY! In his pursuit he led a straight-ahead jazz quintet, an Afro-Cuban band, his RH Factor mixed R&B, hip hop, funk and jazz idioms. The cause was cardiac arrest, according to his longtime manager, Larry Clothier. . Early in his New York experience, in 1992, Hargrove and a business partner, Dale Fitzgerald, signed a lease on a loft in Lower Manhattan with the intention of finding a place for practicing and rehearsals. Roy had continuing issues with the director almost from the beginning, and unfortunately, our efforts to work with her after he passed have also failed.. As he achieved his own wealth of experience, Hargrove was generous as a mentor himself. Theres something to be said about being able to trim it downsay less but have it have more meaning. Trumpeter Roy Hargrove performs at the Brooklyn Masonic Temple on May 1, 2013. We will update Roy Hargrove's Height, weight, Body Measurements, Eye Color, Hair Color, Shoe & Dress size soon as possible. In 1990 he released his first solo album, Diamond in the Rough, on the Novus/RCA label. His first album, Diamond in the Rough, was released on the Novus imprint of RCA in 1990. He is survived by his wife, Aida Brandes; a daughter from an earlier. For a number of years, Hargrove struggled with substance abuse and its attendant problems. The Roy Hargrove Big Band is available for festivals, club performances and special events. One of Roy Hargroves early dreams in music was someday to lead a big band.Originally started in the rehearsal space that would later become the Jazz Gallery, the Roy Hargrove Big Band had its inaugural performance at the Greenwich Village Jazz Festival in 1995. In addition, the documentary does not include any of Hargroves original compositions. So, how much is Roy Hargrove worth at the age of 49 years old? He took up the trumpet at the age of nine after unearthing a pawn-shop cornet belonging to his father, and played funk and R&B at the arts-oriented Booker T Washington high school in Dallas, where he met Marsalis as a visiting tutor. Hargrove began his jazz career in the late 80s sounding as if he could have dropped neatly into a classic Blue Note Records session band of 20 years earlier and looking like it, too, in his sharp suits, natty hats and shades. Aida Brandes-Hargrove got her start in the music industry as a teenager working as a recording artist and professional back up singer and dancer. Bei der Nutzung unserer Websites und Apps verwenden wir, unsere Websites und Apps fr Sie bereitzustellen, Nutzer zu authentifizieren, Sicherheitsmanahmen anzuwenden und Spam und Missbrauch zu verhindern, und, Ihre Nutzung unserer Websites und Apps zu messen, personalisierte Werbung und Inhalte auf der Grundlage von Interessenprofilen anzuzeigen, die Effektivitt von personalisierten Anzeigen und Inhalten zu messen, sowie, unsere Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln und zu verbessern. He tells a story every time he picks up his sax. 03:50. Ms. Brandes-Hargrove, who was Mr. Hargroves wife and is the Administrator of his Estate, said that Kamala and I are excited about our new Company and look forward to keeping Roys music alive and sharing it with his present and future fans. Among other things, the Company has just launched an official Hargrove website (www.royhargroveofficial.com) as well as Instagram (www.instagram.com/groveydean) and Twitter (@groveydean) pages. About Roy Hargrove: A two-time Grammy winner who topped the 2019 DownBeat Readers Poll for his instrument, Roy is widely acclaimed as one of the premier trumpet players of his generation. He won worldwide notice after winning two Grammy Awards for differing types of music in 1997 and in 2002. The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, United States. "image": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/allaboutjazz/photos/profile/musician/IMG_6279.jpg", Aida is the widow of the late, great Roy Hargrove and the president of Roy Hargrove Legacy, a company she founded with his daughter to extend his legacy and celebrate his contributions to jazz and beyond. Shortly afterwards he made a recording with Superblue featuring Watson, Mulgrew Miller, Frank Lacy, and Kenny Washington. Ive never really thought about it like that, but yeah, probably. Is that something you learned early on, playing in your high school big band? He made crucial contributions to Voodoo, the epochal album by D'Angelo, released in 2000. When the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis emerged as the champion of a return to traditional acoustic-jazz values in the 1980s, his single-minded charisma inspired talented disciples all over the world. Ms. He was a musician of wide tastes with a special gift for composition and melody. It creates some kind of humility. He won his second Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Album in 2002 for Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall with co-leaders Herbie Hancock and Michael Brecker. View popular celebrities life details, birth signs and real ages. In 2018, Roy participated in the filming of a planned documentary by director Eliane Henri in which she and her crew followed him on tour, the statement read. Reset your passwordClick the eye to show your password. For bookings and other information, please contact: estate@royhargroveofficial.com or Ms. Brandes-Hargrove at 917-275-7124. Roy Hargrove's net worth Aida Brandes-Hargrove got her start in the music industry as a teenager working as a recording artist and professional back up singer and dancer. Hargrove premiered at the 2022 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City earlier this month. Aida also plays piano and enjoys writing and arranging. As a prodigious trumpet player in Texas attracting the attention of the visiting Wynton Marsalis, he was on his first European tour at 17 with Herbie Hancock. "@context": "https://schema.org", Hargrove documentary is a bittersweet portrait about end of life of game-changing trumpeter, Rap Sh!t, A League of Their Own, and more series shine bright at ABFF. Her original songs have been finalists and winners in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest, as well as the Great American Song Contest. "@type": "Person", Roy Anthony Hargrove was born on Oct. 16, 1969, in Waco, Texas, to Roy Allan and Jacklyn Hargrove. Wenn Sie Ihre Auswahl anpassen mchten, klicken Sie auf Datenschutzeinstellungen verwalten. The Roy Hargrove Big Band is available for festivals, club performances and special events. Aida is the widow of the late, great Roy Hargrove and the president of Roy Hargrove Legacy, a company she founded with his daughter to extend his legacy and celebrate his contributions to jazz and beyond. Klicken Sie auf Alle ablehnen, wenn Sie nicht mchten, dass wir und unsere Partner Cookies und personenbezogene Daten fr diese zustzlichen Zwecke verwenden. Ms. Brandes-Hargrove is the bands executive director. To many musicians, Roy Hargrove 's jazz career had peaked before most kids had graduated from their paper round. Her Big Band arrangements have been featured by . Hargrove is also known for his vital presence in the turn-of-the-century movement known as neo-soul. "To call you friend, you carried your load more than you show. Hargrove first attended Berklee College of Music, Boston, and then the New School for Social Research, New York, where he was to make his first recordings under the aegis of the saxophonist Bobby Watson. Hargrove won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Album in 1998 for Habana with Crisol, the Afro-Cuban band he founded. The Blue Note Festival with its eclectic array of artists kicks off on June 2 with Kenny Garrett still one of the under-rated alto saxophonist composers, who is heavy on improvisational grooves. Roy Anthony Hargrove (October 16, 1969 November 2, 2018) was an American jazz trumpeter. While the film contains some beautiful and important footage of Roy, this is not the film he envisioned, their statement read. He leased a loft in Lower Manhattan, New York, in 1992 as a rehearsal space, then developed it into the nonprofit performance venue that became the Jazz Gallery. He was previously married to Aida Brandes. How do you see this band vis-a-vis other contemporary big bands? Roy Hargrove is a registered trademark of Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC. They released one album, Emergence, under Roys leadership. Bassist Luke Stewart boasts an encyclopedic knowledge of the music from which he draws with focused and thunderous intensity. 44 followers 44 connections That Bullsh*t 3:43. Hargrove conceived his RH Factor project to pursue these paths in his own ways, but they never usurped his devotion to the jazz tradition, or his belief that while other genres might augment his vocabulary as a player, they could not replace the music he had fallen in love with as a nine-year-old fascinated by his fathers record collection. On June 10 at Sony Hall the guitarist, songwriter, composer, and producer Fabrizio Sotti shakes it up with Ice T & M1 of Dead Prez. Then in 1987, Wynton Marsalis heard a teenaged Hargrove in a clinic at Booker T. Washington and was so impressed that he invited the young trumpeter to sit in on his gig that week in Fort Worth. It was in Big Band mold he sang standards like September in the Rain. The bands repertoire was comprised of Hargroves arrangement of originals, standards, and new music by band members. 1. His wife is Aida Brandes (m. ?-2018) Roy Hargrove Net Worth His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. He was 49. But Hargrove always maintained his foothold in the mainstream jazz tradition; he saw his forays into other forms of black music as an extension of, rather than any departure from, that tradition. 2340 Frederick Douglass Blvd. }. About Roy Hargrove: Roy Hargrove, a two-time Grammy winner who topped the 2019 DownBeat Readers Poll for his instrument, is widely acclaimed as one of the premier trumpet players of his generation. Bruce Williams, lead alto saxophonist and big band member from 1997 until Hargroves death in 2018, is music director. Maybe so. Originally started in a rehearsal space that would later become the Jazz Gallery, the Roy Hargrove Big Band had its inaugural performance at the Greenwich Village Jazz Festival in 1995. Roy Hargrove was born on October 16, 1969 in Waco, Texas, USA. Ill give you an example. Tags Aida Brandes Aida Brandes-Hargrove Last Updated: December 24, 2022 Aida Brandes-Hargrove Location: New York City Instrument: Voice / vocals Its a quality that you aspire to. He often stood in for one of his many trumpet totems in the Dizzy Gillespie All-Star Big Band. He died on November 2, 2018 in New York City, New York, USA. Other official selections include the Long Island International Film Expo, Golden Door International Film Festival, Lady Filmmakers Festival. On June 2, the Roy Hargrove Big Band can be found at its monthly residency, the first Thursday of each month at the Jazz Gallery (1158 Broadway, 5th floor) where it all began. On June 7-12, the six-string guitarist Al Di Meola, an alumnus of Return To Forever, performs at the Blue Note. Roy Hargrove Quintet: Live At The Village Vanguard. Performances will feature musicians who played with Roy in the big band and in his other ensembles. The company is dedicated, in Brandes-Hargrove's words, to "keeping Roy's music alive and sharing it with his present and future fans." Roy Hargrove Legacy LLC, the company founded by his wife, Aida Brandes-Hargrove and daughter, Kamala, has re-launched The Roy Hargrove Big Band to honor Roy's legacy and the big band sound that he loved. Members of another of Hargrove's many quintets took the stage. "Theres nothing like the feeling you get when youre hearing your compositions and arrangements played by a wall of sound.Roy Hargrove. Aida is self taught and draws from a diverse pool of music with its main roots in jazz, hip hop and rnb. Playing in big bands was a rite of passage for many of the older musicians who were your heroes, who came up before 1955-1960. Privacy Policy | We do not sell or share your personal information | 2023 All About Jazz & Jazz Near You . Our weekly newsletter highlights our top stories, our special offers, and upcoming jazz events near you. He was 49. New York, NY 10027 Mixed and mastered by LoveScienceMusic, Sweetsounds Studios, NYC. SIGNUP FOR OUR FREE WEEKDAY EMAIL NEWSLETTER, "I love receiving EDITORIALLY BLACK first thing in the morning! Among the younger musicians who responded to his death on social media was fellow trumpeter Ambrose Akinmusire, who wrote on Twitter: "I don't think I would be alive if I hadn't met him when I did. Unfortunately, he died in November 2018, long before Ms. Henri completed it., According to the statement, Roy himself was apprehensive about the direction of the documentary during filming. "Whatever it was for a lot of years, it was radically, drastically curtailed over the last year or two," attests Clothier.